Monday, March 7, 2016

Musical Monday - Protocol (C-3PO's Lament) by the Doubleclicks


C-3PO is an interesting character. In many ways, he holds the same thematic position in the original Star Wars trilogy that Jar-Jar Binks held in The Phantom Menace. But while Binks is almost universally reviled for his role as bumbling comic relief, C-3PO is mostly seen as an endearing character despite also providing bumbling comic relief. One might even say that the love for C-3PO contributed to the decision to include Binks in the prequels. So why did the one character end up being loved while the other is hated? In short, what went wrong?

The answer to that question lies, I think, in understanding why people liked C-3PO in the original set of films. He was a mostly incompetent clown for much of the movies, stumbling about in situations that he was clearly not equipped to handle. He found himself in the middle of space battles, wandering through the desert, or getting lost in unfamiliar cities, often turning out to be a useless burden to his companions. But he's not completely useless: As he tells Luke's Uncle Owen, he's programmed as a translator, with the ability to converse in thousands of languages. He is woven into the plot as a necessary element, serving as a sidekick and counterpoint to R2-D2 for much of the first movie, a foil for Han Solo for the bulk of the second, and and unexpectedly critical member of the raiding party in the third. He wasn't very good at most things, but he tried to be helpful anyway and succeeded often enough to offset his general incompetence.

C-3PO also had the advantage of reminding people of a mildly prissy gentleman rather than a vaguely racist caricature with a propensity for fart and burp jokes. C-3PO's humor was often drawn from the fact that he was a fish out of water - a non-adventurous personality trapped in an almost unceasing adventure, but who accompanies the heroes because he has at least one skill they don't. Binks, by contrast, spends most of his time being a careless nuisance that the main characters bring with them for almost inexplicable reasons and whose only useful moments are entirely accidental. We like C-3PO even though he's incompetent because he knows he's not good at being a swashbuckling adventurer but tries his best. We loathe Jar-Jar Binks because he's an idiot who doesn't realize he's an idiot.

Note: C-3PO in the later prequels Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith becomes far less likable. This is probably because he starts to act a lot more like Jar-Jar Binks did in The Phantom Menace.

Previous Musical Monday: Beam Down by Five Year Mission

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Saturday, March 5, 2016

Book Blogger Hop March 4th - March 10th: 144 Is Twelve Squared and the Twelfth Fibonacci Number

Book Blogger Hop

Jen at Crazy for Books restarted her weekly Book Blogger Hop to help book bloggers connect with one another, but then couldn't continue, so she handed the hosting responsibilities off to Ramblings of a Coffee Addicted Writer. The only requirements to participate in the Hop are to write and link a post answering the weekly question and then visit other blogs that are also participating to see if you like their blog and would like to follow them.

This week Billy asks: Do you tend to read more in the winter or in the summer months?

I tend to read about the same amount no matter the season. The primary thing that affects my reading speed seems to be whether or not I have books that need to be cataloged on hand. Right now, I have a large number of books that I inherited from my late grandmother, and my reading pace has been slowed by sorting them, cataloging them, and then finding them permanent places to occupy within my residence. The seasons, though, don't really have much affect on how much I read.


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Friday, March 4, 2016

Follow Friday - 245T Is a Common Abbreviation for the Herbicide 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid


It's Friday again, and this means it's time for Follow Friday. There has been a slight change to the format, as now there are two Follow Friday hosts blogs and two Follow Friday Features Bloggers each week. To join the fun and make now book blogger friends, just follow these simple rules:
  1. Follow both of the Follow My Book Blog Friday Hosts (Parajunkee and Alison Can Read) and any one else you want to follow on the list.
  2. Follow the Featured Blogger of the week - Readiculously Peachy!.
  3. Put your Blog name and URL in the Linky thing.
  4. Grab the button up there and place it in a post, this post is for people to find a place to say hi in your comments.
  5. Follow, follow, follow as many as you can, as many as you want, or just follow a few. The whole point is to make new friends and find new blogs. Also, don't just follow, comment and say hi. Another blogger might not know you are a new follower if you don't say "Hi".
  6. If someone comments and says they are following you, be a dear and follow back. Spread the love . . . and the followers.
  7. If you want to show the link list, just follow the link below the entries and copy and paste it within your post!
  8. If you're new to the Follow Friday Hop, comment and let me know, so I can stop by and check out your blog!
And now for the Follow Friday Question: Write a letter to your favorite author.

To Ursula K. Le Guin,

Thanks. Over the years, you've given us some of the greatest science fiction and fantasy stories ever written, and all of us who are fans of those genres owe you a massive debt. So thank you for all your writing. I'd like to say thanks specifically for A Wizard of Earthsea, The Dispossessed, The Farthest Shore, The Lathe of Heaven, The Left Hand of Darkness, and The Tombs of Atuan. I'd also like to say thanks for The Day Before the Revolution, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas, and The Word for World Is Forest. I know that this barely scratches the surface of the amazing library one could make of your books, but to list all of the great things you have written would take more space than would reasonably fit into one letter, or even ten letters. Anyway, I just wanted to let you know how much I have enjoyed your work, and look forward to reading more stories from you in the future.

Your fan, Me.


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Wednesday, March 2, 2016

Review - Tomorrowland


Short review: Frank Walker finds Tomorrowland in 1964. Casey Newton finds it in the present. Athena brings them together and they save the world.

Haiku
A pin that leads to
A world of shiny futures
But there is danger

Full review: Tomorrowland is a movie that is far better and far smarter than one would expect from watching the media that accompanied its release. Although the trailers for it made it look like it was a well-produced movie with decent special effects, they also made it look like it was a kind of dumb action-adventure movie aimed at kids. In reality, while the movie does have some fun action scenes, it is really about some fairly big science fictional ideas, and how our choices affect the kind of future that we get.

The first thing to understand about this movie is that George Clooney is not the lead, even though the advertisements for it might have given one that impression. Although he has a rather substantial role as the adult Frank Walker, aside from a brief scene addressing the camera directly at the very start of the movie, Clooney isn't really in the movie until almost halfway through its run time. The actual lead in the movie is Britt Robertson, who plays the sixteen year old Casey Newton, with Raffey Cassidy as the somewhat mysterious Athena in a primary supporting role. In Tomorrowland, Clooney leaves behind the leading man roles that he has been known for, takes up the role of a somewhat grumpy, embittered, and reluctant mentor, migrating to this new position quite well.

The movie starts with Clooney addressing the camera directly, starting at the beginning of the story, which turns out to be the 1964 World's Fair in New York, where a very young Frank Walker (played by Thomas Robinson) has brought his prototype jet pack to be evaluated. There, he meets David Nix (played by Hugh Laurie), who is unimpressed with the invention, in part because it doesn't quite work, but also because Nix doesn't think it could serve any useful purpose even if it did work. This exchange is interesting, as it seems to reflect the often repeated debate concerning how to fund scientific endeavors, with "pragmatists" asserting that only those projects that are directed to producing concrete results should receive precious research dollars, while others point out that you cannot predict what benefits "blue sky" science will produce ahead of time. The disparate ways Walker and Nix view the world will resonate down through the rest of the movie, putting them into a conflict over their fundamentally different ideologies.

At this stage, Athena, a young girl who appears to be Walker's age, enters the mix, and she surreptitiously gives him a pin and tells him to secretly follow her and Nix. This leads Walker into the It's a Small World ride (which seems like putting him into a miniature nightmare for a moment), where a hidden gateway leads him to the alternate dimension of "Tomorrowland". After some exploits involving his jet pack, Walker meets up with Nix and Athena again, and then the story abruptly shifts to Casey Newton. One of the things that the movie does fairly well is present a lot of exposition without slowing the movie down, mostly by simply showing the audience the background rather than having a character try to explain it. The audience knows of the existence of Tomorrowland, how it looks, and how Walker came to know about it because the movie shows these elements. This information could have been provided through an expository speech of some sort, and in many movies that is exactly how this would have been done, mostly so the movie could start with Casey and stick with her. In Tomorrowland, the creators trusted that the audience would stay with them through the shifting characters and time frames, and as a result, the film remains interesting and visually appealing even when filling in necessary backstory.

Having shifted to Cape Canaveral and Casey Newton, the story meanders for a bit to establish her as a bright and inquisitive girl who isn't afraid to take action to prevent something she considers to be wrong, and then gets on track when she finds a mysterious pin in her belongings after she has been arrested for trespassing. At this point, the movie begins to pick up steam as the pin leads her first to a vision of a sunny and beautiful Tomorrowland, a misadventure in a lake, and then to a strange science fiction memorabilia store in Houston where the shop's two owners seem just a little too interested in how Casey came by her mysterious pin. Athena also shows up in this portion of the story, looking pretty much exactly as she did in 1964, even though it is clear that the story revolving around Casey is supposed to be taking place more or less in the present day, which is an indicator that she is more than just a little girl. The two shop owners turn out to be robots and try to seize Casey, whereupon Athena shows up to save the day in a way that further demonstrates that she is more than she appears to be, and then the two girls engage in a little grand theft auto followed by some grand theft pickup truck, and head off to New York to find the now reclusive Frank Walker.

In their wake, Casey and Athena leave a smoldering memorabilia shop and two wrecked robots, drawing the attention of local law enforcement. Unfortunately for them, this also draws the attention of a collection of quirky looking fellows who rather unconvincingly claim to be members of the Secret Service. When the exchange doesn't go exactly as the newcomers had hoped, they end up murdering the three local police officers by disintegrating them. Despite the deadly nature of this scene, it is played partly for humor, and the combination of murder and satire works in an odd way. Despite being a Disney movie about the power of hope and optimism that is clearly aimed at kids and teens, Tomorrowland has an undercurrent of cynical humor running through it that comes to the fore in scenes like this.

The cynicism is pushed up to new heights when Casey arrives on Walker's doorstep (having been unceremoniously dumped on his driveway by Athena), but after some preliminaries, the movie makes clear Walker isn't just a cynic for cynicism's sake. Instead, the movie lays out in some short but pointed scenes exactly what sort of forces transformed Walker from an idealistic and creative boy into an angry and embittered man, providing a bit of character development for Casey on the way. Just as Walker is beginning to be turned around by Casey's youthful optimism, the team of robots that we last saw in Houston show up on his door, leading to an very visual action-packed set-piece that seems almost out of place in the movie, and which seems to have been mostly included in order to provide fodder for the trailer. As the pair go on the run, they are soon joined by Athena, at which point Walker's resentment comes bubbling back and it is only the fact that homicidal robots are on their trail that gets the trio to work together.

It must be emphasized just how effective Clooney is in the role of Frank Walker. Saddled with the difficult job of being both a cranky curmudgeon and a reluctantly doting mentor who must do a fair amount of expository heavy lifting, Clooney also manages to portray someone who was once the little boy that the audience saw in previous sequences, but who has since become a wounded and heartbroken adult. He also accomplishes this fairly impressive feat of acting while the movie pushes through a number of impressive effects scenes ranging from a machine that teleports our heroes across the globe, to the Eiffel Tower turning into a launch pad for a space ship, to a confrontation with some rather sizeable robots. Even more impressively, the story manages to put all of the puzzle pieces together even as it plows through this series of adventures, pausing only to catch its breath for brief moments while managing to connect all of the dots for the audience to display in stark relief the conflict between Nix's view of the world and Walker's.

Once our three heroes find their way back to Tomorrowland, the scene is very different from what the audience had seen before when Walker made his way into the alternate dimension at the beginning of the movie, and what Casey had seen when given a vision of the place by the pin bestowed upon her by Athena. Instead of a bright, sunny, and inviting place full of people, Tomorrowland is an overcast and empty city, that looks almost run down. One almost expects to see some trash being blown about on the mostly abandoned streets. Pretty much as soon as they arrive, the newcomers are greeted by Nix, who faces off against both Walker and Athena, pointing out that their presence is a violation of the terms of Walker's exile. What is especially revealing in this meeting is that Nix comments upon Walker's age, telling him he wears it well, prompting Walker to suggest that Nix should try it. Nix declines, saying that he would rather simply "drink his shake" every morning. What this seems to tell us is that Walker accepts growth and change (as the collection of technological devices he had in his New York home suggest quite strongly that he could have developed an anti-aging concoction had he been so inclined), while Nix has become ossified in place. It is subtle touches like this that make this movie so much more interesting, and so much smarter, than it could have been.

Everything builds to an epic confrontation between Nix and his minions and Walker, Casey, and Athena, and it is not hyperbolic to say that the fate of the world is in the balance. This is a movie that tackles some pretty big ideas: What would happen if one knew what was going to happen in the future? What is the role that science will play in our lives? How important is creativity as opposed to practicality? What service do we owe to others? Can we turn our backs on impending doom because we assume that it won't affect us personally? In one of the climactic scenes of the movie, Nix says that he doesn't care what will happen to the people of Earth because the people of Tomorrowland will go on without them. What the movie makes clear is that Nix has become somewhat blind to the negative impact that the crisis on Earth has had on Tomorrowland, but the audience can clearly see the empty streets and shabby buildings and should be able to realize that this is due to the lack of immigration from one world to the other, resulting in a lack of new residents who exhibit the creativity and ingenuity needed to keep Tomorrowland running. Nix has chosen safety and stability, and as a result, has chosen stagnation and decay.

In the end, the world is saved (this is a Disney movie after all), although there is a price paid for its salvation. The movie ends on an upbeat note, extolling the virtues of creative individuals of all stripes and not merely technological innovators. Overall, Tomorrowland is a fun movie that manages to pack in some moderately thought-provoking elements in with a story full of chase scenes, battles against robots, retro-future technology, and steampunk spaceships.

Potential 2016 Hugo Nominees

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Monday, February 29, 2016

Musical Monday - Beam Down by Five Year Mission


I have mixed feelings about this song.

The redhead and I go to Gen Con in Indianapolis, Indiana every year. One of the highlights of the convention has always been attending the performance of Five Year Mission, the greatest Star Trek tribute band ever to take the stage, as they have participated in the convention's music program every year. Sadly, this year we will miss them. Not because we are not going to Gen Con, but rather because Five Year Mission won't be there.

Why not? Have they offended some convention staffer at Gen Con? Have they suddenly become too unpopular to deserve a place in the Gen Con lineup? No. They have instead become so popular that for the third time, the Star Trek Las Vegas Convention has asked them to be the convention's house band. And this time, they are there for the big fiftieth anniversary celebration. While that's great for the band, and that makes me happy, it means that we won't be able to see them at Gen Con, and that makes me sad.

On the other hand, from this video, it looks like there are a lot of very enthusiastic Star Trek fans who will be beaming down to the Star Trek Las Vegas Convention, and I hope they will appreciate Five Year Mission as much as the redhead and I do.

Previous Musical Monday: Come Home (Cardinal Pell) by Tim Minchin
Subsequent Musical Monday: Protocol (C-3PO's Lament) by the Doubleclicks

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Saturday, February 27, 2016

Book Blogger Hop February 26th - March 3rd: The Vickers Type 143 Was a British Single-Seat Biplane

Book Blogger Hop

Jen at Crazy for Books restarted her weekly Book Blogger Hop to help book bloggers connect with one another, but then couldn't continue, so she handed the hosting responsibilities off to Ramblings of a Coffee Addicted Writer. The only requirements to participate in the Hop are to write and link a post answering the weekly question and then visit other blogs that are also participating to see if you like their blog and would like to follow them.

This week Billy asks: Do your children, siblings, or other family members enjoy reading as much as you do?

Many people in my family are avid readers. My parents and my siblings both read a considerable amount, as do several of my nieces and nephews, but they don't seem to pursue it with as much enthusiasm as I do. The only person in my family who reads as voraciously as I do is the redhead, who shares my library and even writes book reviews on occasion. She doesn't read quite as much as I do, but it is really close, and if I were to slow down by even a little bit, she would surpass me.


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Friday, February 26, 2016

Follow Friday - The Youngest Sole Roman Emperor Gordian II Was Killed in 244 A.D.


It's Friday again, and this means it's time for Follow Friday. There has been a slight change to the format, as now there are two Follow Friday hosts blogs and two Follow Friday Features Bloggers each week. To join the fun and make now book blogger friends, just follow these simple rules:
  1. Follow both of the Follow My Book Blog Friday Hosts (Parajunkee and Alison Can Read) and any one else you want to follow on the list.
  2. Follow the Featured Blogger of the week - Read All the Things.
  3. Put your Blog name and URL in the Linky thing.
  4. Grab the button up there and place it in a post, this post is for people to find a place to say hi in your comments.
  5. Follow, follow, follow as many as you can, as many as you want, or just follow a few. The whole point is to make new friends and find new blogs. Also, don't just follow, comment and say hi. Another blogger might not know you are a new follower if you don't say "Hi".
  6. If someone comments and says they are following you, be a dear and follow back. Spread the love . . . and the followers.
  7. If you want to show the link list, just follow the link below the entries and copy and paste it within your post!
  8. If you're new to the Follow Friday Hop, comment and let me know, so I can stop by and check out your blog!
And now for the Follow Friday Question: Ten Reasons You Read Your Favorite Genre.

My favorite genre is definitely science fiction, with fantasy sitting in position as a close second.
  1. Spaceships. I love spaceships and everything about stories about sapceships. From massive generation ships that take thousands of years to travel the vast distances between the stars to faster-than-light battleships of the sky, if you have a spaceship in your book, that's a good way to get me hooked on it.
  2. The sense of wonder engendered by characters trying to figure out big dumb objects. There are so many stories like Arthur C. Clarke's Rendezvous with Rama where the characters are confronted by the unknown, and have to try to understand it.
  3. Space. I also love space. I almost feel cold when I am reading a story set in space. Unless the story takes place near a star, then the story feels hot.
  4. Science fiction allows authors to take on social and political topics that would normally be almost too controversial to address by using genre tropes as a metaphor.
  5. Science fiction explores what might have happened if the past had been just a little bit different. What if Babbage's difference engine had been built? What if dinosaurs had had an advanced technological society that sent astronauts into space millions of years ago? What if there was a parallel universe in which Neanderthals became the dominant hominid?
  6. Science fiction explores the effects that technology might have on human society. What would happen if there were people who actually were telepaths? What would happen if humans could teleport? How would banking work if humans had colonies scattered across star systems?
  7. Aliens. Science fiction often asks how an alien intelligence would regard humanity. Suppose aliens found humans to be incredibly foolhardy in the way we develop technology? Suppose aliens found humans to be unacceptably violent? Suppose, as in James Blish's novel A Case of Conscience, aliens had no concept of God or anything relating to beliefs like the afterlife?
  8. Cyberpunk. All the way back to books like Samuel R. Delany's Nova (and before then), science fiction authors have been examining what will happen to humanity as society becomes increasingly affected by mechanization and computerization.
  9. Ursula K. Le Guin. Even if I didn't have any other reasons to like science fiction, I would read the genre simply because of her writing.
  10. Jetpacks.

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Thursday, February 25, 2016

Biased Opinion - Why Sad Puppy Complaints Aren't Taken Seriously

Stephanie S at The Right Geek, has some thoughts that she has titled Opening a Moderate Conversation with "Standback". Despite claiming to want a "moderate" conversation, her post is largely just a repetition of tired and false sad Puppy claims. For example, in the middle of her decidedly non-moderate tirade, Stephanie claims:
Others, meanwhile, have repeatedly called us vile and defamatory names in some very high profile venues and have yet to retract their statements.
The Sad Puppies have been called misogynistic. They have been called racist. And they have been called homophobic. The problem is that the Sad Puppies have earned those labels. Many of the Sad Puppy leaders and the prime Sad Puppy advocates have displayed varying degrees of these sorts of attitudes. Just to name a few offenders in this vein, Brad Torgersen, Michael Z. Williamson, John C. Wright all published commentary during the 2015 Sad Puppy campaign that was either sexist, racist, or homophobic, or all three. Some of the works nominated by the Sad Puppy slate - such as Transhuman and Subhuman - were homophobic and misogynistic in and of themselves. Stephanie S may not think of herself as a sexist, a racist, or a homophobe, but by identifying as a Sad Puppy, she is saying that she is willing to support sexism, racism, and homophobia.

Stephanie seems to have confused "accurately describing specific Puppies" with "defamation". The problem is that to be defamatory, a statement has to be untrue, and the sexism, racism, and homophobia of many Puppies has been extensively documented. To put it bluntly, you don't get to sign on to a campaign headed by someone prone to claiming that all previous winners only did so because of some sort of affirmative action, and then claim that it is unfair that your group of slate proponents is described as being racist and sexist. She goes on to make this rather dubious claim:
And lastly, there's a objective double standard in the way the opposing trolls are treated. While the Sad Puppies are urged to denounce Vox Day and other malefactors, Requires Hate continues to be published in Clarkesworld with nary an acknowledgement of the contradiction.
But there is no double standard. What there is is Stephanie making a false equivalence. Vox Day, also known as Theodore Beale, was intimately tied into the Sad Puppy campaigns of 2014 and 2015. Leaving Beale's complementary Rabid Puppy campaign aside, there is the fact that his work Opera Vita Aeterna was on the Sad Puppy slate in 2014. In 2015, several works placed on the Sad Puppy slate (and subsequently pushed onto the Hugo ballot) were published and edited by Beale. Beale is woven into the fabric of the Sad Puppy campaign at a fundamental level. By supporting the Sad Puppies, Stephanie was directly supporting Beale. When Sad Puppies are urged to repudiate Beale, they are being urged to disentangle themselves from an individual that their slating campaigns have explicitly supported and promoted.

On the other hand, Requires Hate, also known as Benjanun Sriduangkaew, is primarily published by a single editor - Neil Clark at Clarkesworld. Since her identity as Requires Hate came to light, Sriduangkaew has not been nominated for any awards, and Clark and the handful of other outlets that have published her stories have received some criticism from fan-related corners for continuing to publish her work. When Tor.com published a story by Sridungkaew, the resulting comments were almost universally negative about their choice to do so. Of course, the question of who is publishing Sridungkaew is mostly orthogonal to whether non-Puppy fandom has rejected her - a point that Stephanie elides past.2 In 2015, one of the few non-Puppies on the Hugo Ballot was Laura J. Mixon for Best Fan Writer based entirely upon her expose that cataloged Sriduankaew's activities as Requires Hate. Mixon won the Hugo for her efforts. Fandom doesn't need to repudiate Sriduangkaew because fandom already has repudiated Sriduangkaew. When the actual facts concerning Beale and Sriduangkaew and the relating of Puppies and fandom to them are laid out, it becomes clear that Stephanie is being disingenuous at best when she claims there is an "objective double standard".

Even though the rest of Stephanie's post is riddled with similar falsehoods and a narrative consisting of debunked Puppy talking points, that's not the interesting part of her commentary. First she says this:
Let's talk first about what I like to call the "pre-history" of the Sad Puppies. For the past fifteen years (at least), the character of fandom has shifted in a way that many Puppies find very troubling -- and by the way, for the vast majority of our number, this has nothing to do with race, gender, or sexuality.
Let's leave aside the disingenuous claims about the Sad Puppy slating campaign having nothing to do with race, gender, or sexuality. We'll also leave aside her vague hand-waving complaints about "codes of conduct" and alleged "shit lists", although one might note that one reason the Sad Puppies don't get taken seriously is that their complaints tend to be just that sort of vague and hand-wavy griping that is entirely lacking in substance. This important part here is that she gives a time frame: Fifteen years.

Stephanie is a little unclear on exactly when she thinks the Puppy slating campaign began, or whether by "the past fifteen years" she means the fifteen years before the date she published her post or the fifteen years before the Sad Puppy slates started appearing, or if she means after the first Sad Puppy slate (which a lot of Puppies seem to think doesn't count) but before the second one, or if she means something else. In any event, this is a more concrete time frame than most Sad Puppies give, so it is at least something to work with.1 Stephanie then talks about fiction a bit:
Over the same time frame, the Puppies have also become concerned about the artistic direction of our field. The "Human Wave" movement, the "Superversive" movement, and the more generalized complaints about "message fic" and "grey goo" that started gaining steam before last year's Sad Puppies campaign are all flailing attempts by the Puppies to describe the flatness we've perceived in many recent award winners -- particularly in the shorter fiction categories, where the stylistic sophistication and emotional catharsis beloved by creative writing professors and MFA programs the world over appear to be crowding out more accessible stories with identifiable plots and recognizably science-fictional ideas.
The problem here is that although Stephanie has set a date range for when she thinks the science fiction field went wrong, she gives no specifics. But what we can do in response is ask for clarification. One of the common threads that runs through many of the sets of Sad Puppy whining about awards is that in recent years, such awards have been rewarding, as Stephanie puts it, "message fiction" and "grey goo". What is almost always remarkably absent from such Puppy screeds is exactly which works have been honored that aren't "accessible stories with identifiable plots and recognizably science-fictional ideas".

Many Sad Puppies like to point to Rachel Swirsky's If You Were a Dinosaur, My Love, or John Chu's The Water That Fall On You from Nowhere as sparks that set them onto the path of joining an unethical campaign to back a politically motivated slate of works, but the recognition of both of those works took place in 2014, and thus post-dates the creation of the Sad Puppy slate campaigns. Chu's work also has a readily identifiable plot, and a recognizably fantastical idea (the Hugos are intended to recognize both science fiction and fantasy works). Some Sad Puppies gripe about John Scalzi's Redshirts, but that book doesn't match what Stephanie claims is the problem with recent awards either, since it is a story that uses one of the classic works of science fiction - Star Trek - as a jumping-off place to tell a quite well-defined story. In addition, Redshirts won a Hugo in 2013, which, as with the previously mentioned pair of works, also post-dates the beginning of the Sad Puppy slate campaigns.

This brings us back to the somewhat ambiguous nature of Stephanie's statement about the "pre-history" of the Sad Puppies. If the fifteen year period she describes is supposed to be the fifteen years prior to the creation of the Sad Puppy slate campaign by Larry Correia, then she is referring to the fifteen year period in which awards were handed out prior to 2013, or specifically 1998 through 2012. On the other hand, if she means the fifteen year period prior to the 2015 Sad Puppy slate campaign that dominated the Hugo ballot, then she is referring to a period from 2000 to 2014. The second version seems a little off, due to the line about the "pre-history" of the Sad Puppies, because including two years in which there were Sad Puppy campaigns doesn't seem at all like "pre-history". To be inclusive, I'm going to resolve this by actually looking to the seventeen year period, ranging from 1998 to 2014.

Which brings me to my question: Which Hugo winners (and Stephanie specifically talks about winners) over this time period have been "grey goo" or "message fiction"? Which have not been stories with identifiable plots and recognizably science fictional ideas? To help out, I'll list the Best Novel winners for the seventeen year period in question:

1998: Forever Peace by Joe Haldeman
1999: To Say Nothing of the Dog by Connie Willis
2000: A Deepness in the Sky by Vernor Vinge
2001: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire by J.K. Rowling
2002: American Gods by Neil Gaiman
2003: Hominids by Robert J. Sawyer
2004: Paladin of Souls by Lois McMaster Bujold
2005: Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell by Susanna Clarke
2006: Spin by Robert Charles Wilson
2007: Rainbow's End by Vernor Vinge
2008: The Yiddish Policeman's Union by Michael Chabon
2009: The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman
2010: (tie) The Windup Girl by Paolo Bacigalupi
          (tie) The City & the City by China Miéville
2011: Blackout/All Clear by Connie Willis
2012: Among Others by Jo Walton
2013: Redshirts: A Novel with Three Codas by John Scalzi
2014: Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie

Over seventeen years, there have been eighteen winners. There is a story about teen-aged wizards, a story about gods living in the United States, a story about alternate dimensions, a post-apocalyptic story, a time travel story, a story about the singularity, a couple of alternate histories, and on and on. These stories are all quite firmly rooted in science fiction, and if any of them are "message fiction", they aren't any heavier on the message than dozens of winners before them. Stephanie did say that what concerned her most was in the short fiction categories, so let's see what won for Best Novella between 1998 and 2014:

1998: . . . Where Angels Fear to Tread by Allen M. Steele
1999: Oceanic by Greg Egan
2000: The Winds of Marble Arch by Connie Willis
2001: The Ultimate Earth by Jack Williamson
2002: Fast Times at Fairmont High by Vernor Vinge
2003: Coraline by Neil Gaiman
2004: The Cookie Monster by Vernor Vinge
2005: The Concrete Jungle by Charles Stross
2006: Inside Job by Connie Willis
2007: A Billion Eves by Robert Reed
2008: All Seated on the Ground by Connie Willis
2009: The Erdmann Nexus by Nancy Kress
2010: Palimpsest by Charles Stross
2011: The Lifecycle of Software Objects by Ted Chiang
2012: The Man Who Bridged the Mist by Kij Johnson
2013: The Emperor's Soul by Brandon Sanderson
2014: Equoid by Charles Stross

Looking at this list, I see an award dominated by quite mainstream science fiction. Maybe Stephanie can point out which of these seventeen stories she thinks are "grey goo" that don't contain recognizable science fictional (or fantasy) elements. Maybe the Best Novelette category will be rife with examples of non-science fictional "grey goo":

1998: We Will Drink a Fish Together . . . by Bill Johnson
1999: Taklamakan by Bruce Sterling
2000: 1016 to 1 by James Patrick Kelly
2001: Millennium Babies by Kristine Kathryn Rusch
2002: Hell Is the Absence of God by Ted Chiang
2003: Slow Life by Michael Swanwick
2004: Legions in Time by Michael Swanwick
2005: The Faery Handbag by Kelly Link
2006: Two Hearts by Peter S. Beagle
2007: The Djinn's Wife by Ian McDonald
2008: The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate by Ted Chiang
2009: Shoggoths in Bloom by Elizabeth Bear
2010: The Island by Peter Watts
2011: The Emperor of Mars by Allen M. Steele
2012: Six Months, Three Days by Charlie Jane Anders
2013: The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi by Pat Cadigan
2014: The Lady Astronaut of Mars by Mary Robinette Kowal

Huh. What are all of these stories about space, cyberpunk, and monsters doing among these award winners? Stephanie was quite clear that awards were being infested with "grey goo" "message fiction" that had neither identifiable plots or recognizably science-fictional ideas. There's even a Lovecraft-inspired story in this bunch. Maybe in the Short Story category we'll see a lot of non-speculative fiction being honored:

1998: The 43 Antarean Dynasties by Mike Resnick
1999: The Very Pulse of the Machine by Michael Swanwick
2000: Scherzo with Tyrannosaur by Michael Swanwick
2001: Different Kinds of Darkness by David Langford
2002: The Dog Said Bow-Wow by Michael Swanwick
2003: Falling Onto Mars by Geoffrey A. Landis
2004: A Study in Emerald by Neil Gaiman
2005: Travels with My Cats by Mike Resnick
2006: Tk 'tk 'tk by David D. Levine
2007: Impossible Dreams by Tim Pratt
2008: Tideline by Elizabeth Bear
2009: Exhalation by Ted Chiang
2010: Bridesicle by Will McIntosh
2011: For Want of a Nail by Mary Robinette Kowal
2012: The Paper Menagerie by Ken Liu
2013: Mono no Aware by Ken Liu
2014: The Water That Falls on You from Nowhere by John Chu

Except we don't. There are a couple of stories here that could be called literary in nature, which may be what Stephanie is referring to as "grey goo", but this list is dominated by fairly straightforward science fiction and fantasy stories. Until a Sad Puppy specifically highlights which of these winners have been somehow lacking in science fiction or fantasy bona fides, or plot, or how they amount to "grey goo", the only thing one can conclude is that there is no substance to their vague hand-waving complaints. I know this sounds like a broken record, but the point is that one of the reasons that the Sad Puppy claims get so little respect is that they are so obviously rooted in something other than reality. I suspect this is why the Sad Puppies always seem to make their claims about how the science fiction field has gone wrong in such generalities: Because when one actually looks at the facts, their claims simply don't add up. I suspect the other reason is that many Sad Puppies simply haven't read the fiction they are condemning as problematic, and are speaking almost entirely out of ignorance, but that's a question for another day.

So now that a specific time-period and a specific set of stories have been identified, the question is what exactly is Stephanie talking about? Which specific stories are "message fiction"? Which are "grey goo"? Which ones have the "stylistic sophistication and emotional catharsis beloved by creative writing professors and MFA programs the world over" (and why is that a bad thing) and are they indeed "crowding out more accessible stories with identifiable plots and recognizably science-fictional ideas"? This is the challenge to Sad Puppies in general, and Stephanie specifically: Identify the specific stories that have won Hugo Awards that you think are a problem, and show that they are predominating over more standard science fiction and fantasy fare. There are sixty-nine stories listed that won Hugo Awards between 1998 and 2014. Pointing to a handful as your examples doesn't actually make Stephanie's case. You need to point to a sufficient number of winning stories that one could conceivably call their collective set of victories a "trend" or "direction". I doubt any Sad Puppy will be able to rise to this challenge.

Finally, I point to this passage from Stephanie's post:
. . . prominent fannish critics have definitely been agitating against any "traditional" authors who happen to be short-listed. When Larry Correia was nominated for the Campbell back in 2011, for example, one such critic hyperbolically proclaimed that a win for Larry would "end writing forever."
The problem with this passage, like the problem with most of Stephanie's claims, is that nothing in it is true. No critic every said that Correia winning would "end writing forever". There is no such quote anywhere other than on Puppy-related blogs where the writer complains about the unattributed quote. No one ever provides a link to or a citation for the "end writing forever" quote, because there isn't one. It appears to be a quote that Correia invented as part of his "woe-is-me" routine when launching the original Sad Puppy campaign, and which has since become an accepted, and never questioned, part of Puppy-lore.

As to Stephanie's other claim that "prominent fannish critics have definitely been agitating against any 'traditional' authors who have been short listed", one only has to look at the lists of winning authors from the time period she has identified as problematic to see this is simply poppycock. While there may have been some criticism of them or their works, it seems to have been ineffective at preventing "traditional" science fiction authors such as James Patrick Kelly, Bruce Sterling, Brandon Sanderson, Vernor Vinge, Michael Resnick, and Robert Reed (among others) from winning Hugo Awards. To the extent that there have been critics agitating against "traditional" authors (which is a dubious claim, since the only support Stephanie gives for it is a quote that appears to have been fabricated), they have been remarkably ineffective at preventing those traditional authors from winning Hugo Awards on a regular basis.

The simple truth is that all Stephanie's "moderate" conversation has shown is that the Sad Puppy complaints are built on a foundation of sand. There is simply no substance to them. When one gets past all of the vague assertions and works one's way to the actual facts, there's nothing to support the grievances the Sad Puppies have advanced. What remains is the conclusion that the Sad Puppies are angry and disaffected because they want to be angry and disaffected, and nothing more. In the end, the reason that pretty much no one outside of the Puppy camp takes their complaints seriously, because there is nothing there to take seriously.

1 One might note that Stephanie has given herself a little wiggle room with the "at least" parenthetical. She says fifteen years, but that gives her the option to say that the things she is concerned about have been going on for longer. This is typical of Sad Puppy evasiveness, since their claims of how the character of award winners have been different for the last X number of years are inevitably wrong, and when someone points this out and shows that the award winners of the specified period are entirely in line with previous one, the time frame is changed from "X number of years" to "X plus 10" or some similar change.
2 As with many other Sad Puppy apologists, Stephanie S seems to routinely confuse professional publishers with fandom. This tendency on the part of the Sad Puppies to mix the two seems to be driven by the fact that the Sad Puppy slate campaigns have been (and continue to be) primarily driven by professionals in the field who appear to be using the efforts as part of a marketing campaign. Neil Clark continuing to publish Benjanun Srindungkaew doesn't really reflect on fandom, because fandom only has a mild influence on what Clark decides to publish or not publish. Sad Puppies placing works that Beale wrote, edited, or published on their slate and voting them onto the Hugo ballot reflects directly upon the Sad Puppies.

Biased Opinions     Book Award Reviews     Home

Monday, February 22, 2016

Musical Monday - Come Home (Cardinal Pell) by Tim Minchin


Earlier today, it was reported that the Robert Carlson, the Archbishop of St. Louis, urged Catholic parishes in his area to cut ties with the Girl Scouts. It seems that the Archbishop discovered that the organization, dedicated to teaching girls to become leaders, was filled with ideas about treating women as actual people who could control things like their own reproduction. Carlson's admonition questioned whether the Girl Scouts did a good job of "forming the spiritual, emotional, and personal well-being of Catholic girls?"

Let's take a moment to remember what kind of organization Carlson is part of, and what kind of morally bankrupt shit stain he actually is. While being deposed concerning his time as the chancellor of the Archdiocese of Minneapolis and St. Paul as part of a lawsuit against the Twin Cities archdiocese and the Diocese of Winona, Minnesota, he was asked whether he had known it was a crime for an adult to engage in sex with a child. His response was, "I’m not sure whether I knew it was a crime or not." Let me repeat that: Carlson, who questions whether the Girl Scouts are doing a good job at teaching girls, claims that he didn't understand that adult priests having sex with children was a crime. Just think about that for a minute.

Which brings us to Tim Minchin's song about Cardinal Pell, the current cardinal of Australia and formerly the Archbishop of Sydney, who is currently hiding in Rome so he doesn't have to explain the child abuse he is alleged to have excused under his watch in front of a commission of inquiry. Pell claims to be too ill to travel, and the commission will question him in Rome, far from where his alleged crimes took place, forcing the victims of child abuse to travel to attend. In short, Pell is compounding the abuse suffered by people at the hands of priests under his supervision by making them travel for justice, pretty much because he is too scared to return to his home country to face the music.

At some point in history, the Catholic Church may not have been a force for evil. That time has long passed. From their opposition to contraception and gay marriage, to their imposition of ridiculous and life-endangering standards for use in their hospitals, to their cover-up of systemic child abuse, the Catholic Church has revealed itself to be a corrupt and morally bankrupt organization. As a result of both his own bullshit claim to not know it is illegal to have sex with children and his membership in an organization that long since proved itself to be vile, the human garbage pile named Carlson has zero standing to criticize the guidance the Girl Scouts are giving to its members. More than that, Carlson isn't even as good as the shit that a Girl Scout might scrape off of the bottom of her shoe.

Previous Musical Monday: Tomorrow Belongs to Me by Mark Lambert
Subsequent Musical Monday: Beam Down by Five Year Mission

Tim Minchin     Musical Monday     Home

Sunday, February 21, 2016

2016 Nebula Award Nominees

Location: Chicago, Illinois.

Comments: With the Sad and Rabid Puppies engaged in unethical slate tactics in the nominations for Hugo Awards over the last couple of years in order to place works of inferior quality onto that award's ballot, the Nebula Awards have begun to loom larger and larger on the award scene. The simple truth of awards is that damaging the quality of one award only serves to direct people's attentions elsewhere, and should the Hugo Awards continue to be dominated by a group that is bound and determined to treat it as a crony-driven marketing opportunity, no one will pay them much mind any more. What will happen is that people will look to awards such as the BSFA Award, the Locus Awards, and the Nebula Awards.

For their part, the Nebula Award voters seem to have stepped up the the challenge, and have nominated an excellent collection of works for consideration in 2016. Up and down the ballot there are works of superior quality for a fan to choose from. There is even a book published by Baen Books - Charles Gannon's Raising Caine - a work by an author whose repeated nominations for this award puts the lie to the oft-heard claim that Baen-published authors are routinely snubbed in award honors. The truth is, no matter what the Puppies of either stripe do, they will never accomplish what they claim their objectives are for the simple fact that fans will flow away from them to venues that remember that the objective of awards is to reward quality, rather than to reward spiteful political organizations.

Best Novel

Winner:
Uprooted by Naomi Novik

Other Nominees:
Ancillary Mercy by Ann Leckie
Barsk: The Elephants' Graveyard by Lawrence M. Schoen
The Fifth Season by N.K. Jemisin
The Grace of Kings by Ken Liu
Raising Caine by Charles E. Gannon
Updraft by Fran Wilde

Best Novella

Winner:
Binti by Nnedi Okorafor

Other Nominees:
The Bone Swans of Amandale by C.S.E. Cooney
The Pauper Prince and the Eucalyptus Jinn by Usman T. Malik
Waters of Versailles by Kelly Robson
Wings of Sorrow and Bone by Beth Cato

Best Novelette

Winner:
Our Lady of the Open Road by Sarah Pinsker

Other Nominees:
And You Shall Know Her by the Trail of Dead by Brooke Bolander
Grandmother-nai-Leylit’s Cloth of Winds by Rose Lemberg
The Ladies’ Aquatic Gardening Society by Henry Lien

Best Short Story

Winner:
Hungry Daughters of Starving Mothers by Alyssa Wong

Other Nominees:
Cat Pictures Please by Naomi Kritzer (reviewed in Clarkesworld: Issue 100 (January 2015))
Damage by David D. Levine
Madeleine by Amal El-Mohtar
When Your Child Strays From God by Sam J. Miller

Ray Bradbury Award

Winner:
Mad Max: Fury Road

Other Nominees:
Ex Machina
Inside Out
Jessica Jones: AKA Smile
The Martian
Star Wars: The Force Awakens

Andre Norton Award

Winner:

Other Nominees:
Archivist Wasp by Nicole Kornher-Stace
Bone Gap by Laura Ruby
Court of Fives by Kate Elliott
Cuckoo Song by Frances Hardinge
Nimona by Noelle Stevenson
Seriously Wicked by Tina Connolly
Shadowshaper by Daniel José Older
Zeroboxer by Fonda Lee

Go to previous year's nominees: 2015
Go to subsequent year's nominees: 2017

Book Award Reviews     Home

Saturday, February 20, 2016

Book Blogger Hop February 19th - February 25th: Aemilius Papinianus, the Greatest Roman Jurist, Was Born in 142 A.D.

Book Blogger Hop

Jen at Crazy for Books restarted her weekly Book Blogger Hop to help book bloggers connect with one another, but then couldn't continue, so she handed the hosting responsibilities off to Ramblings of a Coffee Addicted Writer. The only requirements to participate in the Hop are to write and link a post answering the weekly question and then visit other blogs that are also participating to see if you like their blog and would like to follow them.

This week Billy asks: Do you have a favorite place to read?

Having a favorite place to read would suggest that I don't read pretty much everywhere I go. As I've noted before, I do a lot of my reading while commuting, but I am prone to pull out a book and start reading at almost any moment. I read a fair amount while sitting at my desk at home. I often read during my lunch break at work. I read while standing in line at the post office, or any other time I am waiting. I always carry a book with me to do some reading during "down time", and usually carry a second back-up book as well just in case I finish the first one. I guess the answer to the question "do I have a favorite place to read" is simply "wherever I happen to be". That's not a very illuminating answer, but it is the answer I have.

Previous Book Blogger Hop: 141 Is a Blum Integer

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Friday, February 19, 2016

Follow Friday - A Single Venusian Day Is as Long as 243 Earth Days


It's Friday again, and this means it's time for Follow Friday. There has been a slight change to the format, as now there are two Follow Friday hosts blogs and two Follow Friday Features Bloggers each week. To join the fun and make now book blogger friends, just follow these simple rules:
  1. Follow both of the Follow My Book Blog Friday Hosts (Parajunkee and Alison Can Read) and any one else you want to follow on the list.
  2. Follow the Featured Blogger of the week - None this week.
  3. Put your Blog name and URL in the Linky thing.
  4. Grab the button up there and place it in a post, this post is for people to find a place to say hi in your comments.
  5. Follow, follow, follow as many as you can, as many as you want, or just follow a few. The whole point is to make new friends and find new blogs. Also, don't just follow, comment and say hi. Another blogger might not know you are a new follower if you don't say "Hi".
  6. If someone comments and says they are following you, be a dear and follow back. Spread the love . . . and the followers.
  7. If you want to show the link list, just follow the link below the entries and copy and paste it within your post!
  8. If you're new to the Follow Friday Hop, comment and let me know, so I can stop by and check out your blog!
And now for the Follow Friday Question: Why did you start blogging?

I started blogging because I wanted a project that would make me write more. It didn't work out very well for the first few years - I didn't really have any focus so I didn't post very often, which kind of defeated the purpose of having a blog. After about two years, I started posting reviews on this blog, and that pretty much did the trick as far as keeping me writing on a regular basis.


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Thursday, February 18, 2016

Review - These Are the Voyages: TOS, Season Three by Marc Cushman and Susan Osborn


Short review: NBC moves Star Trek to a terrible time slot, cuts its budget, and makes ridiculous demands. Roddenberry quits in a rage. Freiberger takes over, and many terrible episodes and a series cancellation ensue.

Haiku
The Way to Eden
plus And the Children Shall Lead,
Wow, these are awful

Full review: There is almost no doubt in the mind of any fan of the series that the third season of Star Trek was its weakest. Any list of the worst episodes of the series is certain to be dominated by ones from this season. Any list of the best episodes of the series is highly unlikely to have any drawn from the third season's offerings. When one evaluates the series as a whole, even the best episodes of this season are mediocre, making "pretty good for a third season episode" a statement that damns with faint praise. This does not mean, however, that volume three of These Are the Voyages is a bad book. In fact, it is the best of the series, as it shows in almost excruciating detail the collection of decisions that led to the show's demise. Contained within this book is a detailed look at the awful nature of television production, revealing a sight that is both sobering and fascinating.

This third and final volume of Cushman's series about the original Star Trek follows what by now is a familiar pattern to readers. Most of the book's pages are taken up with chapters about the individual episodes of the season, with a couple chapters at the beginning of the book detailing what happened after the letter writing campaign described at the end of volume two but before production began, and a couple of chapters discussing the events that took place after the set was wrapped on the final episode Turnabout Intruder, and an interstitial chapter concerning the mid-season break. Each of the episode-oriented chapters opens with a summary, then moves to now-familiar sections titled "Quotes", "Assessment", "The Story Behind the Story", "Pre-Production", "Production", "Post-Production", 'Release/Reception", and sometimes "From the Mailbag", and 'Memories". One change, reflecting the poor quality of many of the shows produced this season is the section concerning script development, titled 'The Story Behind the Story" in previous volumes, is frequently subtitled "What Were They Thinking" or "What Went Wrong" in this one.

For many of the episodes of this season, 'What Went Wrong" or "What Were They Thinking" is the appropriate question. Titles such as And the Children Shall Lead, Spock's Brain, The Way to Eden, and Let that Be Your Last Battlefield often elicit groans of disgust from fans of the show. Offerings such as Day of the Dove, The Savage Curtain, and Plato's Stepchildren aren't much better, and the "better" installments of the season such as The Enterprise Incident and Elaan of Troyius are too few and far between to provide much comfort. For a show that gave viewers such top notch material as The City on the Edge of Forever, The Menagerie, Trouble with Tribbles, and Mirror, Mirror, the plunge in quality was dramatic . . . and perplexing. In the first two seasons of the show there were a few missteps, but one could generally count on several good episodes for every clunker. When the third season rolled around, the bad shows dominated, and the good shows weren't actually so much "good" as they were "not quite as terrible as the terrible ones". What had happened to cause the show to drive off a metaphorical cliff like this?

The easy answer, and the one most fans seem to have gravitated to, is to blame the season's producer Fred Freiberger and be done with the question. To a certain extent, this answer is correct. As revealed in this volume, Freiberger was simply the wrong man for the job. He wasn't knowledgeable about the show he took over, and more critically, he didn't take the time to inform himself about it, watching only a handful of the shows produced in the first two seasons and, as D.C. Fontana notes in one chapter, he had apparently never even read the series bible. His instincts for scripts seem to have been weak as well as once the script assignments handed out by Roddenberry prior to the start of season three had run out, the ones commissioned by Freiberger generally ranged from uninspired to awful, and the handful that might have been interesting had any verisimilitude or excitement leached out of them by just enough rewrites to make the network happy and bring the show in under budget. In many cases he managed to offend and drive away talented writers like David Gerrold and D.C. Fontana. While working with new story consultant Arthur Singer (who once walked onto the transporter set and asked what it was supposed to do), Freiberger managed to get so far behind that some scripts had their final pages delivered after filming had been completed. When reading through the production diaries for the third season episodes is that what Freiberger never seems to have understood is that what made Star Trek work was creating a living and breathing world, not just filling air time. Freiberger seems to have been competent enough to helm a standard television show, but under his watch Star Trek became a pale and colorless shadow of its former self.

Blaming Freiberger for the misfire of the third season, while justified in many ways, places too much blame on him, and there is plenty of blame to go around. While Freiberger was a poor fit for the job and the decisions he made damaged the season tremendously, one must also look to the man who put him in the position to do so: Gene Roddenberry. In an effort to secure a better time slot for the show than the 8:30 to 9:30 Friday night position that it held during the second season, Roddenberry promised that he would be more active as producer and would write several of the episodes himself while giving the remaining script assignments to Gene Coon and D.C. Fontana. Given the fact that the executives at NBC really didn't like Roddenberry, this seems like something that would not be a particularly enticing offer, and instead of the 7:30 to 8:30 Monday night slot that Rodenberry expected, the network moved Star Trek to air from 10:00 to 11:00 on Fridays, what was normally regarded as a "death slot". In a fit of pique, Roddenberry essentially walked away from the show, remaining executive producer but abandoning the program in all but name. It was at this point that he passed over Robert Justman, who had been assistant producer since the show's inception, to bring in Freiberger to take over as producer. Through neglect, Roddenberry allowed Freiberger to exasperate D.C. Fontana and drive her away from the show. Roddenberry even managed to alienate John and Bjo Trimble by firing them from the mail order business he had started on the side so that Majel Barrett could take over, after which they abandoned any efforts at a new letter writing campaign to save the show. And so on. By acting as an absentee landlord, Roddenberry allowed the show he created to fall into disrepair and decay in the hands of people who simply didn't care about it as much as he and his team had in previous years.

The lion's share of the blame, however, falls on NBC and Paramount. Moving Star Trek to the "death slot" late on Friday night was their opening gambit in the long, slow execution of the series. But even in this time slot, it was not necessary for the show to drop in quality so precipitously. Unfortunately, NBC and Paramount saw to that by first cutting the per episode budget yet again (following a previous cut in prior seasons), and mandating an almost inflexible six-day no-overtime filming schedule that was almost impossible to meet. Directors who couldn't meet this schedule weren't invited back to direct additional episodes. Ralph Senensky was even fired halfway through the filming of The Tholian Web when he fell behind the production schedule by a half day. Because of the primacy placed upon keeping to the schedule, experienced directors familiar with the show were not rehired, and directors with reputations for working fast were brought in. Unfortunately, most of these new hires were unfamiliar with Star Trek and proved little better at keeping on schedule while turning out programs full of flat and uninteresting direction. These mandates were aimed at saving pennies, but resulted in episodes that were for the most part mediocre to miserable, and drove away viewers. The studio, while penny-wise, was pound-foolish.

Smaller budgets meant that there usually wasn't money to film on location or to build sets, resulting in many shows that were confined to the decks of the Enterprise. NBC clamored for more "planet" shows, but without the resources needed to make them, the production company was forced to ignore those requests. Budgetary concerns even changed the nature of scenes on the ship itself: Without money to hire background extras, many of the episodes for this season feature eerily empty corridors and painfully small landing parties. The network's efforts at killing the show didn't stop with reduced budgets and tight production schedules. The notes handed back from NBC's executives were all but guaranteed to result in a weaker and blander show. The network wanted action, but not only did the reduced budget mean that fewer set changes and fight sequences could be done, the executives continually sent back notes insisting that proposed battles be sanitized to an almost cartoonish level - in one case demanding that the results of a fight to the death be shown with dirty faces, but no blood. NBC wanted expensive episodes, but wasn't willing to pay for them. NBC wanted exciting episodes, but wasn't willing to allow exciting things to be put on screen. In the face of these contradictory demands and restrictions, it is no wonder that the show withered.

Oddly, even though NBC got what it ostensibly wanted - a Star Trek without the headaches caused by having to deal with Roddenberry that was produced on time and within budget - the network decided to cancel the show. What makes this decision somewhat perplexing is the fact that even with the slew of terrible episodes that are scattered through this season, the show had retained fairly good ratings, coming in second most weeks, and even taking the top slot away from CBS's Friday Night Movie a couple of times. At this juncture, the urgency of Cushman's continued campaign concerning the reality of Star Trek's ratings becomes clear. For three books Cushman has included every episode's Neilsen ratings, ostensibly showing time and again that the program was performing much better than fan lore would lead one to believe. But the real goal of this exercise only comes clear in the final chapters of this volume, as Cushman sets about documenting NBC's calculating dishonesty when interacting with fans disappointed by the show's cancellation. For years Herb Solow insisted that Star Trek only drew five million viewers per episode, asserting that shows that perform at that level simply don't get renewed. Cushman shows that Star Trek routinely drew at least twice that many viewers, and that Solow knew that, but lied anyway. Cushman presents the text of a deceptive letter NBC sent to fans who inquired about the show, misleading them into thinking that the show had been renewed when it had not. And Cushman presents details like a letter from NBC executive Stan Robertson to a fan in which Robertson flatly lies about how well the show had done in the ratings. As inexplicable as it seems, NBC cancelled a show that was performing better than anyone could have possibly expected despite its "death slot", and leaps and bounds better than they were willing to tell anyone. Fan lore concerning Star Trek's poor performance in the ratings is rooted in a deliberate lie told by NBC. The story of the cancellation of Star Trek isn't one of neglect and poor decisions. It is a story of a deliberate murder accompanied by a cynical cover-up.

These Are the Voyages: TOS, Season Three is a brilliant conclusion to an excellent series. Loaded with the same level of detail as the previous two volumes in the series, this contains the melancholy tale of the slow and deliberate death of something that started with such promise. By laying out the material in a methodical and comprehensive manner, Cushman tells a story that makes clear who the villains of the piece truly were, and the identities of the few heroes who kept things from falling apart entirely. For anyone who wondered how in the world The Paradise Syndrome or Turnabout Intruder ever got approved for production, this book is a gold mine of information. For anyone who has ever wondered what the process of killing off a show looks like, this book is a guided tour. And for anyone who loves Star Trek, this book, like the previous two volumes in the series, is a must read, although in this case, it is a must read that will probably anger the reader as much as it delights them.

Previous book in the series: These Are the Voyages: TOS, Season Two

Potential 2016 Hugo Nominees

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Monday, February 15, 2016

Musical Monday - Tomorrow Belongs to Me by Mark Lambert


In this political season, many people have described Donald Trump as a fascist. To be fair to those who make such claims, his ideas and slogans do definitely lean in that direction. Combining scapegoating an entire religion, a promise to "make America great again", a clumsy and brutish approach to foreign affairs, and almost total ignorance of how government actually works, Trump is full of bad ideas drawn from the authoritarian fascist playbook.

Recently, a group called the "USA Freedom Kids" put together what can only be called a Donald Trump theme song. And this reveals that even though Trump is a fascist, he's a thuggish and cloddish authoritarian bully who isn't even as polished as the fascists of the 1930s. Granted, the "USA Freedom Kids" are a trio of preteen girls doing badly choreographed dance moves, but that is pretty much the point: Trump can't even get a campaign song for his events that has any polish or panache. To be blunt, Trump is less stylish than either Mussolini or Hitler.

And that is one of the things that makes Trump's rise so perplexing. One can now look back with hindsight and see the evil of the fascist movements of the 1930s, but when those political groups were on the rise they were presented in a sleek and attractive package. This music clip is from the movie rendition of the Broadway musical Cabaret, so it is a little bit fictionalized, but the presentation is reminiscent of the package that the Nazis showed the German people: Clean cut boys in sharp uniforms singing about a brighter future. Trump's brand, on the other hand, is more or less the thuggish bully who took kids lunch money in school and then made fun of them for their weakness.

Previous Musical Monday: Under Pressure by Queen and David Bowie
Subsequent Musical Monday: Come Home (Cardinal Pell) by Tim Minchin

Cabaret     Musical Monday Playlists     Mark Lambert     Musical Monday     Home

Saturday, February 13, 2016

Book Blogger Hop February 12th - February 18th: 141 Is a Blum Integer

Book Blogger Hop

Jen at Crazy for Books restarted her weekly Book Blogger Hop to help book bloggers connect with one another, but then couldn't continue, so she handed the hosting responsibilities off to Ramblings of a Coffee Addicted Writer. The only requirements to participate in the Hop are to write and link a post answering the weekly question and then visit other blogs that are also participating to see if you like their blog and would like to follow them.

This week Billy asks: Are you able to read in the car?

Yes. In fact, reading while traveling is part of my normal reading routine. I commute an hour each way to and from work, using public transportation, specifically a commuter bus that runs to and from locations in Loudoun County and Washington, D.C. I usually use this time to read, providing me with the potential for two hours of reading time per day. As one might expect, this is a substantial boon when it comes to keeping up with the pace of reading and reviewing for an active book blog such as this one. This simply would not be possible if I were unable to read in a moving vehicle.


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